Environment Issues
Economic changes and population increases are threatening the ecology of the Himalayas. In recent years deforestation in the foothills and the Middle Himalayas and overgrazing on the high pastures have led to soil erosion and other environmental problems. Deforestation is a particular concern in the western Himalayas, where increased demand for firewood, extensive tree trimming in order to feed livestock, and construction of roads in the border regions have increased the destruction rate of forests and the number of landslides. Rapid population growth has accelerated pollution, and Himalayan streams that were once clear are now polluted with refuse and sewage. Hill people who use the water for drinking suffer from dysentery; cholera and typhoid epidemics are also common. Large lakes like Tilicho Lake, Dudh Koshi etc. which emerges from Himalayas have also become polluted. Regional variations in environmental degradation exist in the Himalayas. Conditions range from a critical situation in the Himalayas of Nepal to a moderately serious situation in Bhutan and the eastern Himalayas. If rapid development continues in Nepal and the eastern Himalayas without due regard for conservation, the problems there may assume critical proportions in the near future. The governments of Nepal are aware of the dangers of environmental degradation in the Himalayas, and environmental management concerns are being integrated in development projects in this region
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